In short - there is no real difference and the terms can be used interchangeably. You will find both names used to describe a style of picture frame that can contain objects and 3D displays.
One description that we've heard that we quite like, is that a shadow box frame has a front window mount that can create a shadow within the frame, but as stated above, there is no hard and fast rule.
Check out our range of deep shadow box frames here:
https://www.copycast-studios.co.uk/frames
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Copycast Studios